Japan’s castles are more than just architectural marvels; they are time capsules that transport visitors back to the age of samurai, shoguns, and epic battles. Nestled within the stunning landscapes of Japan, these castles offer a glimpse into the country’s rich history and culture. If you’re planning a trip to Japan, here are some of the best historical castles you shouldn’t miss.

1. Himeji Castle (姫路城)

Often referred to as the “White Heron Castle” due to its elegant, white appearance, Himeji Castle is Japan’s most iconic and best-preserved castle. Located in Hyōgo Prefecture, this UNESCO World Heritage site dates back to 1333 and is an exemplary model of Japanese castle architecture. Visitors can explore its vast complex, including the main keep, which offers panoramic views of the surrounding area. The castle’s strategic design, with its labyrinthine paths and defensive features, makes it a fascinating study in medieval Japanese warfare.

2. Matsumoto Castle (松本城)

Nicknamed the “Crow Castle” because of its black exterior, Matsumoto Castle in Nagano Prefecture is one of Japan’s oldest and most complete original castles. Constructed in the late 16th century, it stands out for its striking combination of black walls and red accents. The castle is a “hirajiro,” or flatland castle, which contrasts with the more common mountaintop castles. Visitors can climb the steep stairs inside the six-story keep and explore exhibits on samurai armor and weaponry.

3. Kumamoto Castle (熊本城)

Kumamoto Castle in Kumamoto Prefecture is one of the most impressive castles in Japan, renowned for its imposing size and innovative defensive features. Built in the early 17th century by the feudal lord Katō Kiyomasa, the castle complex once housed 49 turrets, 29 gates, and 18 turret gates. Though parts of the castle were damaged in a 2016 earthquake, restoration efforts are ongoing, and visitors can still experience the grandeur of the castle grounds, including the reconstructed main keep and several of the original structures.

4. Matsuyama Castle (松山城)

Located in Ehime Prefecture on Shikoku Island, Matsuyama Castle offers one of the most scenic views among Japan’s castles. Perched on Mount Katsuyama, the castle is accessible via a pleasant hike or a convenient ropeway.

The current structure, reconstructed in the 19th century after a fire, reflects traditional Edo-period design. Visitors can explore the castle’s interior, including the beautifully preserved main keep, and enjoy sweeping views of Matsuyama city and the Seto Inland Sea.

Since Shikoku is also home to the famous Shimanami Kaido cycling route that passes over the Seto Inland Sea and leads directly to Matsuyama, travelers can combine a visit to the Matsuyama Castle with a Shikoku bike tour.

The Shimanami Kaido itself is about 60 kms long, and another 40-50 kms of cycling brings you straight to Matsuyama Castle. You can easily break the journey into two days as the Shimanami Kaido offers plenty of places to stay overnight.

For the best experience, consider booking your ride with a reputed Japan bike tour operator since language can be a major challenge when traveling in Japan. Plus, you can even get a support van to follow you so that you can break your journey whenever you feel tired.

5. Hikone Castle (彦根城)

Hikone Castle, located in Shiga Prefecture, is one of the few Japanese castles that retains its original keep. Built in 1622, the castle played a significant role in the early Edo period, serving as a stronghold for the Ii clan. The castle grounds include various historical buildings, such as the Nishinomaru Sanju-yagura (a three-story turret) and the Genkyūen Garden, a beautiful landscape garden that complements the castle’s serene atmosphere. Hikone Castle is particularly beautiful in spring when cherry blossoms adorn the surrounding landscape.

6. Nagoya Castle (名古屋城)

Nagoya Castle, located in Aichi Prefecture, was initially constructed in 1612 and served as a crucial military stronghold during the Edo period. Though much of the original structure was destroyed during World War II, the castle has been meticulously reconstructed, including its iconic golden shachihoko (mythical tiger-headed fish) adorning the roof. The castle’s grounds also house a beautiful garden and the Hommaru Palace, a masterpiece of traditional Japanese architecture with exquisite sliding door paintings.

7. Inuyama Castle (犬山城)

Inuyama Castle, also in Aichi Prefecture, is one of Japan’s oldest surviving castles, with its original main keep dating back to 1537. The castle’s compact size and location atop a hill overlooking the Kiso River make it a picturesque destination. Visitors can explore the wooden interior, which retains much of its original charm, and enjoy panoramic views from the top floor. Inuyama Castle’s historical significance and well-preserved state make it a must-visit for history enthusiasts.

Final Thoughts

Japan’s castles are more than just remnants of the past; they are living symbols of the country’s enduring legacy. Each castle offers a unique window into Japan’s history, from the tumultuous Sengoku period to the peaceful Edo era. Whether you’re a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply looking for a unique travel experience, these historical castles in Japan promise to captivate and inspire.

So, pack your bags and get ready to step back in time as you explore the best historical castles Japan has to offer!